Installation and basic configuration

Java

Java programming language is a requirement for PMS. Therefore you need to install Java second edition runtime environment (JRE), at least version 6. You can get the latest JRE here.

Installation and start of PMS on Windows

After installing Java Runtime you can install Java PS3 media server. Double click the setup file "pms-setup-windows-1.20.exe" and follow the instructions.

Installation and start of PMS on Linux

You also need to have Java installed on Linux. You should set environment variable JAVA_HOME to JRE installation path. After that you have to decompress the setup archive for Linux with:

tar xzf pms-linux-1.11.tgz

You have to install MPlayer, MEncoder, FFmpeg and TsMuxeR. If you like to stream web content also install VLC. Make sure that all binaries of these tools can be found via PATH variable. Start a shell, cd to your installation directory and start PMS with:

./PMS.sh

Check permissions and set them if necessary with:

chmod ug+x PMS.sh

You can either use packages from your Linux distrubution or compile the tools by yourself. Sometimes distributors do not set important compiler options, e.g. scaling support for FFmpeg. So I recommend you to compile it from source.

Starting PMS

First start up and login to your PS3 or other viewing device. This will allow PMS to detect it on the network.

After your device has started up, start PMS. PMS tries to detect available media renderers:

PMS should automatically detect your device. After about 10 seconds, you should see this message:

PMS has sucessfully detected your PS3 and connected with it. As a result, PMS should now appear on the cross media bar (XMB) of your PS3:

You are now able to browse your computer and play media files.

Attention!

The PlayStation 3 separates "Photo", "Music" and "Video" in different XMB entry points. Even though you see all folders on your media server, you can only see the files that correspond to your XMB entry point.

For example: if you choose "Photo" and open your media server you will see a folder "Web video", but it will be empty because it does not contain any photo files. If you want to view the contents of "Web video", you have to navigate to the XMB option "Video" and browse your computer from there. You will now find it filled with video files.

Troubleshooting

PMS should automatically detect your device and display it. In some cases PMS does not detect your PS3:

Basic analysis

Often it suffices to change to the "General Configuration" tab and verify the network settings:

In the majority of reported cases there are two problem causes:

You can solve the problem by choosing the correct network interface and type in an unused port, e.g. 6001. After that save and quit, then start PMS again.

In depth analysis

PMS not showing on your DLNA client can be caused by a variety of factors, but the potential causes can be broken up into two groups - "Before UDP Broadcast" and "After UDP Broadcast"
The line in the debug.log/trace that separates these two groups (this signifies the UDP broadcast) is 

It's ready! You should see the server appears on XMB

Note 1: for the suggestions below, Windows, Apple and several OEM manufacturers install and enable default protection programs (e.g. Windows Defender or Peer Guardian). Make sure that the settings for all antivirus, firewall, malware and protection programs are checked.

Note 2: direct connections are a special case, so check the additional details at the bottom.

Before UDP Broadcast

These can usually be spotted through errors in the debug.log / trace before the line above.

PMS cannot bind to the port/IP on the NIC.
Some other program is already using that port.
A software firewall is blocking javaw.exe (and wrapper.exe if running as a Windows service) from binding to the port.
You forced the wrong IP address in the PMS settings.
You opened multiple instances of PMS or a javaw.exe process got hung up.
PMS is bound to the wrong NIC (e.g. TCP Loopback).
The host file on your Linux box needs to be corrected.
You do not have proper access or permissions for the PMS install folder.
PMS is taking its time to register a component or setting.
Large collections of files (e.g. a large iTunes database) can take quite some time for PMS to go through. You need to either:

After UDP Broadcast

At this point everything should be fine within PMS, so you need to look externally.

You have a Windows 7 box and it's using the "Public" settings instead of "Private"
PUBLIC settings is used in non trusted network and PRIVATE is used in home (trusted) network so change your cable (ethernet or LAN) network to PRIVATE. In PUBLIC mode most of features as SSDP etc. are disabled. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Choosing-a-network-location
Your software firewall is blocking incoming traffic from your DLNA device
Your router is blocking the traffic

Note 1: Most UPnP settings on routers are to allow the devices on the LAN to dynamically configure the port forwarding and other router settings with minimal user interaction. This should not need to be enabled for the actual UPnP/DLNA traffic in the LAN, and in some cases it actually causes issues when enabled on bad routers.

Note 2: Port forwarding is not required for standard use of PMS. It is only needed if you're trying to stream web-content.

Note 3: Some routers are crap and either a) do not have the proper settings or b) just mishandle traffic regardless of the settings. This can even vary within the same router for wired vs wireless traffic.

You may use a switch or a hub which is really cheap as a workaround. Connect your DLNA device, PC and router to the switch/hub and internet connectivity is still there, but you will not have trouble with your routers firewall anymore... This will of course only work with wired connections.

There are firmware bugs on some DLAN or powerline adapters which prevent certain broadcasts from being transmitted (like using a firewall). This will also cause connection problems.

If you have checked everything else, give the forum or Google a search and see if other people are having UPnP or DLNA issues with the same router. You could also see if a different DLNA program (WMP, TVersity, Wild, etc) works using the same router or settings.

Your server and device are on different subnets
Your device is not set up to access any DLNA servers

Other issues

In addition, you can run into issues (both Before and After UDP Broadcast) when trying to use a direct connection (no router or switch, just the computer with PMS and the device)

Examples: